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The Influence of Public Artworks with Children’s Painting Characteristics on Urban Culture and Public Space

The Influence of Public Artworks with Children's Painting Characteristics on Urban Culture and Public Space

Luo Na1, Rahinah Ibrahim2*, Sazrinee Zainal Abidin3
1, 2, 3 Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received Date: December 15, 2021; Accepted Date: December 21, 2021; Published Date: December 24, 2021;
*Corresponding author: Rahinah Ibrahim, Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: rahinah@upm.edu.my

Citation: Na L, Ibrahim R, Abidin SZ (2021) The Influence of Public Artworks with Children's Painting Characteristics on Urban Culture and Public Space. Enviro Sci Poll Res And Mang: ESPRM-113.

DOI: 10.37722/ESPRAM.2021103

Abstract
      With the rapid development of society, the urban environment is facing great challenges. It is necessary to carry out public artworks design in urban public spaces. Integrating public art design into urban cultural construction can build a good urban image. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of public artworks with children's painting characteristics on urban culture, and public space. This study presents a preliminary literature review to understand the background knowledge of public space. It includes an analysis of the relationship between public artworks, urban culture and public space. The purpose is to explore the impact of public works of art with the characteristics of children's painting on people's happiness in public space. The research results include analyzing the background knowledge of public space, exploring the relationship between public art and urban culture, and analyzing the impact of public artworks with children's painting characteristics on the public space and people's happiness. They contribute to the development of a theoretical framework for improving the quality of public space and urban cultural connotation through excellent public artworks in order to stimulate public happiness.This research can help artists create more high-quality public artworks for the urban environment, so as to arouse people's happiness. At the same time, the research helps to build a good public space and urban image and to promote the development of the city.

Keywords: Children's painting characteristics; Public artworks; Public space; Subjective well-being; Urban culture

 Introduction
      Public artwork is an indispensable part of the urban public space design. This study explores and analyzes the impact of public artwork with the characteristics of children's painting on people's happiness in a public space. Through the method of literature review, this study initially analyzes the background knowledge of public space, then discusses the relationship between public artwork and urban culture, and finally analyzes the impact of public artworks with children's painting characteristics on public space and the people's happiness. It is a novel and unique creative style to integrate the characteristics of children's painting into public artwork the form of expression of such public artwork not only can increase the vitality of the people's urban public space, but also to bring more happiness to the people.Thus, the consideration and recommendation are for the public artworks in the urban public space to include the characteristics of children's painting, because people know that this will actively arouse people's happiness when they look at the public artworks. It is necessary to analyze the impact of the public artworks with the characteristics of children's painting on the public space and the urban culture in order to help the artists to create high-quality public artworks for the urban environment, so as to arouse people's happiness. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the public artworks with the characteristics of children's painting in improving the public space and in stimulating people's happiness. This study will use keywords such as public space, public art, urban culture, personal subjective well-being, and so on.

Research Methodology
      The literature review study follows the unique “Literature Review Synthesis Process” (Ibrahim and Mustafa Kamal, 2018) in Masiran, et al. (2020) [1, 2]. This process is a stand-alone literature review typology (Rousseau, Manning and Denyer, 2008; Yu and Watson, 2019; Templier and Paré, 2015) that has been known to make sense of a selected body of existing literature leading to decisions regarding the background theoretical context in an early research ideation phase [3, 4, 5]. Topics have been identified using Ibrahim’s (2011 & 2020) research question’s (RQ) construct categorization technique for identifying three different RQ Constructs—‘WHO’,‘WHAT’ and ‘HOW’- in formulating a main research question [6, 2]. ‘WHO’ is defined as the element that is being impacted by the study, ‘WHAT’ is the information or the body of knowledge that is required in order to solve the problem, and ‘HOW’ is the targeted impact by the study. This study has selected related articles under the Transform 3D public artwork for reporting [7].

      The literature articles were identified using the state search engines such as SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and etcetera. After the title search and the filtering out of full research papers from year1999 to date, a total of 32 journal articles have been identified. The abstracts were reviewed and assigned to the best relevant smaller sub-themes. The topics are as follows: (1) Analyze the background knowledge of public space, (2) Explore the relationship between public art and urban culture, (3) Analyze the impact of public artworks with children's painting characteristics on public space and people's happiness. The abstracts were reviewed in terms of their major findings by prior scholars, how their works could support future studies, and what aspects needed to be enhanced.

      The outcomes of this exercise have produced a synthesized summary for each main themes, which has gone through further cross-analysis, integration of possibilities, and prioritization of the synthesized summaries- towards high probable solutions for analyzes of the impact of public artworks with the characteristics of children's painting on public space and the people's happiness. The resulting key synthesized summaries are presented in the “Point of Departure (POD) Tree Diagram”, which has been adapted from the work of Ibrahim and Mustafa Kamal (2018) [1]. This study has used the EAGLE Navigator online system to document the literature review synthesis process and has adapted the results for reporting in this study.

Improve Public Space
Background knowledge of public space

      The urban public space has an important impact on the life of urban residents and is the main place for urban people's leisure and entertainment. The landscape part of the urban public space is the window of urban image, which reflects the construction of modern urban spiritual civilization and material civilization. At the same time, it is also an important position to improve people's happiness. Wang Ke (2020) has mentioned the important role of the urban public space landscape design in the urban construction [8]. Through the transformation and upgrading of the urban public space, landscape design is conducive to the optimization of the urban environmental quality and to bring a good experience to the urban residents. Michael W. Mehaffy (2021) has emphasized that the new urban agenda has outlined the role of public space in achieving "human health and well-being", "attractive livable cities" and "physical and mental health" [9].

      The process of space design should aim at stimulating the people's happiness, take creative design methods and design principles as the basic principles, and give full play to the role of urban public space environment to the greatest extent. Ivan Silaci and Paulina Ebringerova (2019) have emphasized in their research that the existence of works of art and elements enriches the public space, and provides a new enjoyment for the perceiver [10]. The research also puts forward that public space is very important for human value in the city. Carl Grodach (2010) has mentioned that many literatures believe that community art space not only enhances social interaction and participation, but also promotes economic revitalization [11].

      With the acceleration of urbanization, many problems gradually appear in the process of urban construction. Ana Carolina Salvador Taveira Cardoso (2021) has emphasized the necessity of designing sustainable and inclusive public space in her research [12]. Mu Songlin (2020) believes that the urban landscape aesthetics is an important part of the urban overall design; design planning must follow the principle of sustainable development and plays an important role in the urban space construction [13].

      In the research field of public space, scholars in different periods have their own unique research directions. Ash Amin (2008) has focused on the relationship between collective culture and urban public space [14]. Carl Grodach (2010) has unique views on art space, public space and the connection with community development [11]. Vikas Mehta (2014) has evaluated the public space; new public space is emerging all over the world, and the old public space types are being transformed to meet the contemporary needs [15].

      In general, this study recommends that Michael W. Mehaffy analyzes the current situation of urban environment and the impact of urban environment on urban residents, so that the people can know the direction of improving an urban environment. This study agrees with Wang Ke that the urban public space design plays an important role in urban construction, and that a high-quality public space is conducive to the optimization of the urban environmental quality, and brings a good experience to the urban residents. Finally, an urban public space not only has an important impact on the life of the urban residents, but it also reflects the construction of modern urban spiritual and material civilization, and provides a high-quality public space. It can give people a good sensory experience.

The relationship between public artworks and urban culture
      Since its birth, public artworks has a natural connection with urban culture. It is important to make full use of the advantages of public artworks in shaping an urban culture in order to promote urban cultural construction and urban development. Chu Zichen (2019) has analyzed the measures of the role public art plays in the shaping of urban culture. Public art has the characteristics of popularity, openness and artistry, and there are obvious differences in its social and cultural mission and value orientation, which has become an organic part of urban culture [16]. Zhang Han (2006) has elaborated the competition between cities in the future, the first of which is the competition of urban culture [17]. OuYang Hua (2018) has stated in his research that urban public art plays an important role in shaping an urban culture, where it is an important carrier and communication media of urban culture [18]. Lin Jialiang, Li Binbin and Luo Xifeng (2007) have stated in their paper that urban culture is the business card and symbol of a city; urban culture must be presented through the urban public facilities and other material carriers [19].

      Culture has gradually become an element of the core competitiveness of the urban development and has promoted the all-round development of public artworks. Yang Ziqiang (2019) believes that the design of public facilities must be integrated with the urban cultural environment [20]. Wan Zhiyue and Han Peng (2020) in their research, has pointed out that when designing urban public facilities, the designers should select the most representative urban cultural elements according to the actual situation, to process and refine these elements, and to design and release urban public facilities that can meet the people's needs [21].

      Writers and artists have their own unique views on the relationship between urban culture and public art. They have made different studies on urban culture and public art in different fields. Van Melik and R.G. (2008) have only focused on the recent reconstruction of a city square in the study of a changing public space [22]. However, Liu Yang and Yaxing Tian (2020) have only focused on public art design and the urban culture in the coastal cities [23]. Chu Zichen have only focused on the role of public artworks in the shaping of an urban culture, but have not make research in practice [24]. Yang Ziqiang, Wan Zhiyue and Peng Cheng have studied the impact between public facilities and urban culture in 2019 and 2020, respectively [25, 26].

      In general, this study agrees with the views of Chu Zichen. Since the birth of public art, there has been a very close relationship with urban culture. With the continuous expansion of the function of public artwork, its role in urban culture is becoming increasingly important. This study agrees with OuYang Hua that a good and harmonious city image can improve the urban grade, enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of the city and promote the sustainable development of the city. Urban culture is conveyed to people through an urban image, and the people understand the urban culture through the urban image. Finally, excellent public art has a positive impact on urban culture, and public artworks suitable for urban culture can enhance urban image and comprehensive competitiveness.

The impact of public artworks with the characteristics of children's paintings on public space and people's happiness.
      Public artwork design has become an important carrier for the transmission of cultural and spiritual values of urban public space. The characteristics of children's painting give artists new strength and inspiration. Applying the characteristics of children's painting to public artworks can improve the artistry and innovation of public artwork. Excellent public artwork should have infectious and regional cultural elements. Ye Zhiqiang (2012) has pointed out that as a supplement to urban planning, urban public art design has the same starting point and goal as urban design [27]. Lei Yixue and Yang Weihua (2021) have said in their research that it is very important to carry out public art design in urban public space, and a variety of methods should be adopted to achieve breakthrough and innovation, so as to integrate public art design into urban cultural construction [28].

      Excellent public artworks must follow the principles of publicity, interaction and innovation in the creation process. Excellent public artworks should trigger the people's happiness. The characteristics of children's paintings give artists new strength and inspiration, and at the same time it is easier to resonate with the people. Paul Dolan (2012) has stated that innovation should improve people's lives, but the link between innovation and subjective well-being (SWB) has rarely been proposed [29]. Van Melik (2008) has pointed out that the reconstruction of the public space in the city center makes the public space lack historicity [30]. Zabawa (2020) has also emphasized that works of art in public spaces increase the aesthetic value of the surrounding environment and have a positive impact on the environmental quality [31].

      Artists who create art in public spaces raise important topics that are related to the various fields of life and that gain new areas of expression. Sarah Atkinson (2019) has only focused on the relationship between personal well-being and community well-being [32]. Paul Dolan (2012) has only focused on the causal relationship between innovation and subjective well-being in life [29]. Joanna Zabawa (2020) only pays attention to artworks in public spaces and art activities [31].

      In general, this research agrees with Zabawa, that public artwork that is based on urban space has great advantages in urban space performance and urban cultural inheritance and construction. This study recommends the views of Lei Yixue and Yang Weihua that public art with the characteristics of children's paintings is innovative and promotes the construction of urban image and the sustainable development of urban culture. Such public spaces and public art can better inspire people's happiness. Finally, public artworks with the characteristics of children’s paintings are important cultural carriers of urban public spaces. High-quality public art can enhance the image of the city and play an active role in improving the happiness of the urban residents.

Discussions
      This article analyzes the background knowledge of public space, explores the relationship between public artworks and urban culture, and analyzes the influence of public artworks on the public space and people's happiness. This research analyzes and discusses these three aspects, and divides them into six steps in order to solve the research needs. The purpose is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the combination of views and to make recommendations for this research. With reference to the POD Tree Diagram in Figure 1, this section now discusses how the initial results are further synthesized towards formulating the final potential theoretical proposition for future studies to consider.

      The conclusion of Section 3.1 highlighted POD1, where urban public space not only has an important impact on the lives of the urban residents, but it also reflects the construction of the modern urban spiritual civilization and material civilization, and high-quality public space can give people a good sensory experience. The conclusion of Section 3.2, i.e., POD2, has highlighted that excellent public art has a positive impact on urban culture, and public artworks suitable for urban culture can enhance urban image and comprehensive competitiveness. The synthesis between POD1 and POD2 has developed POD4, which states that the urban public space not only has an important impact on the lives of urban residents, but at the same time it is a high-quality public space that is suitable for urban culture which can give people a good sensory experience, and can also enhance the image and comprehensive competitiveness of the city.

      The same POD2 in the above is then analyzed against the results from Section 3.3, i.e., POD3 which states that the public artworks with the characteristics of children's drawings are important cultural carriers of urban public spaces. High-quality public artwork can enhance the image of the city and play an active role in improving the happiness of the urban residents. The synthesis between POD2 and POD 3 has resulted in POD5 where the public artworks with the characteristics of children's paintings are important cultural carriers of urban public spaces. High-quality public art can enhance the image of the city and comprehensive competitiveness, and can stimulate people's happiness. Next, POD3 is analyzed against POD 1 and has resulted in POD 6 where the urban public space reflects the construction of spiritual and material civilization in modern cities. Public artworks with the characteristics of children's paintings are important cultural carriers of urban public spaces and can also give people a good sensory experience.

      Going forward to the next level, the study analyzes the contents of POD4 and POD5 with an emphasis on the impact of public artworks with the characteristics of children's paintings on public spaces and the people's happiness. Hence, the study proposes POD7 where public art is the works with the characteristics of children's paintings and the public spaces that are suitable for urban culture can stimulate people's happiness, which can also enhance the city's image and comprehensive competitiveness. Hence, in synthesizing POD5 and POD6, this research proposes POD8 where public artworks with characteristics of children's painting are important cultural carriers of urban public spaces, whereby they can also give people a good sensory experience. High-quality public artwork can enhance the image of the city and comprehensive competition; it has power, and can inspire people’s happiness.

      Finally, POD9 is obtained by synthesizing POD7 and POD8. This present study concludes with POD9 where excellent public artworks that have the characteristics of children's paintings in urban public spaces are suitable for urban culture, which not only enhance the image of the city but also stimulate people's happiness. Figure 1 shows how the literature review has comprehensively and furthered synthesized towards proposing potential theories to solve the study’s problem. It has presented the final point of departure (POD) Tree Diagram (Ibrahim and Mustafa Kamal, 2018) that has supported the synthesis process on the impact of public artworks involving the characteristics of children's paintings, public spaces and the people's happiness. Figure 2 is the subsequent proposed conceptual framework. 

Figure 1: Point of Departure (POD) Tree Diagram for impacts of artworks at public spaces on people’s happiness. (Adapted from Ibrahim & Mustafa Kamal, 2018).

Figure 2: Proposed conceptual framework for artworks in public spaces for improving people’s happiness.

Conclusions
      The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of public artworks with the characteristics of children's drawings on public spaces and the people's happiness. This article takes the promotion of public space as the theme, and systematically records the results of the comprehensive process of the literature review.Regarding the content of the background knowledge of public space, this study has found that urban public space not only has an important impact on the lives of urban residents, but it also reflects the construction status of spiritual and material civilization in modern cities. At the same time, high-quality public space can provide good sensory experience for the people. With regard to discussing the relationship between public artworks and urban culture, this study has found that excellent public artwork affects the shaping of urban culture, which is the material basis for the effective development of public artwork. Public artworks are suitable for urban culture and can enhance the image and synthesis of the city. Regarding the content of "Analysis of the impact of public artworks with children's painting characteristics on public space and people's happiness", the study has found that public artworks with children's painting characteristics are important cultural carriers of urban public spaces, and are high-quality public artwork. It can enhance the image of the city and play an active role in improving the happiness of urban residents. After the research and discussion, this study has come to the methods and expressions in order to enhance the design of urban public spaces. This research will help to improve the quality of public spaces and to improve the well-being of citizens through the use of appropriate public artworks.

Acknowledgments
      This study is part of the first author’s doctoral study at the Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. The content had been presented at the ASEAN Post Graduate Conference 2021 organized by University of Malaya on 1st December 2021 in Kuala Lumpur.

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